Fairness is a crucial property for blockchain systems since it affects the participation: the ones that find the system fair tend to stay or enter, the ones that find the system unfair tend to leave. While current literature mainly focuses on …
This paper proposes strategies to improve the IOTA tangle in terms of resilience to splitting attacks. Our contribution is two fold. First, we define the notion of confidence fairness for tips selection algorithms to guarantee the first approval for …
Due to the open and dynamic nature of blockchain systems, the participants (users and miners) have to take into accounts uncertain constraints (e.g., the transaction confirmation times, the delays in the network, and the topology of the network) …
Energy conservation measurements in buildings are more and more popular as they benefit from an intelligent contractual framework called Energy Performance Contracts (EPC), where energy savings are measured as the difference between a predictive …
Context Since its genesis in late 2008[¹], Bitcoin had a rapid growth in terms of participation, number of transactions and market value. This success is mostly due to innovative use of existing technologies for building a trusted ledger called blockchain.
Bitcoin-like blockchains do not envisage any specific mechanism to avoid unfairness for the users. Hence, unfair situations, like impossibility of cancellation of transactions explicitly or having unconfirmed transactions, reduce the satisfaction of …
Distributed immutable ledgers, or blockchains, allow the secure digitization of evidential transactions without relying on a trusted third-party. Evidential transactions involve the exchange of any form of physical evidence, such as money, birth …